• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates mainly to a starter for a motor vehicle engine comprising: - a rotary electric machine provided with a stator (3), said stator (3) comprising: - a set of magnetic poles, characterized in that a permanent magnet (5) forms at least two poles of all of said magnetic poles.
    公开号:FR3034918A1
    申请号:FR1552947
    申请日:2015-04-07
    公开日:2016-10-14
    发明作者:Jean-Marc Dubus；Nicolas Labbe
    申请人:Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a starter stator for a motor vehicle equipped with a permanent magnet forming a plurality of poles. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] Motor vehicle starters are known having a stator, or inductor, comprising a plurality of permanent magnets and a rotor, or induced, having a cylindrical body and a coil formed by conductive wires. In a manner known per se, the inductor comprises a metal yoke whose inner face supports a plurality of permanent magnets for producing an inductive field. The permanent magnets are shaped according to cylindrical segments, being angularly distributed at regular intervals inside the yoke, and uniformly separated from the armature by a radial gap. The fixing of the permanent magnets on the internal face of the yoke is generally effected by means of staples extending in the longitudinal direction in the gaps provided between the permanent magnets. Moreover, the rotor body consists of a bundle of metal sheets having longitudinal notches into which the winding wires constituted for example by pin-shaped conductors are inserted. The rotor is further provided with a manifold comprising a plurality of contact pieces electrically connected to the winding wires. The invention aims at facilitating the production of such a starter by proposing a starter for a motor vehicle engine comprising: a rotary electric machine provided with a stator, said stator comprising a set of magnetic poles, characterized in that a permanent magnet forms at least two poles of all of said magnetic poles. Thus, the invention makes it possible to limit the number of magnets used in the stator, which limits the number of assembly operations to be carried out in the assembly line during the manufacture of the starter.
    [0003] In one embodiment, said permanent magnet forms all of said magnetic poles. Such a configuration makes it possible to create a uniform inductive field in the gap. In one embodiment, the magnet comprises different directions of the magnetic polarization field. In this case, the magnet comprises at least two directions forming an angle of at least 90 ° between these two directions. By a magnet we hear, a solid monoblock piece that can include several directions of magnetizations. In other words a magnet can not include several magnets (several pieces of magnets) contiguous 10 forming a block. In one embodiment, said permanent magnet has a cylindrical shape. According to one embodiment, said permanent magnet is in one piece. According to one embodiment, said stator further comprises a yoke. The yoke 15 essentially maintains the stator mechanically. In one embodiment, said permanent magnet is a magnet molded based on magnetic particles embedded in a binder made of a non-magnetic material. In one embodiment, said binder has a melting temperature equal to or greater than the Curie temperature of said magnetic particles. In one embodiment, said binder is made of a plastic material. According to one embodiment, said magnetic particles are made of neodymium-iron-boron. In one embodiment, the material used preferably has a remanence of the order of 0.6 Tesla. The measurement method for the remanence of the material is that described by the standard NFEN60404-5. In one embodiment, said magnetic particles are made of Samarium-Iron-Nitrogen.
    [0004] According to one embodiment, said machine comprises a rotor separated from said stator by an air gap, said magnetic particles being magnetized so that a magnetic field in said air gap varies sinusoidally along a circumference of said air gap.
    [0005] According to one embodiment, between two central portions of two consecutive poles, the direction of the magnetic field generated by said permanent magnet gradually varies along a circumference of said stator, - between a substantially radial orientation in a first direction, - to reach a substantially orthoradial orientation in an area 10 located substantially in the middle of the two central portions, and - continues to vary gradually to reach a substantially radial orientation in a second direction opposite to said first direction. In one embodiment, between the two central portions of two consecutive poles, the direction of the magnetic field varies in a curved direction. According to one embodiment, said permanent magnet is magnetized according to a "Halbach" type configuration. The invention also relates to a starter for a motor vehicle engine comprising: an electric machine provided with a stator, said stator comprising a set of magnetic poles, characterized in that, at least between two central parts of two consecutive poles, the direction of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet gradually varies along a circumference of said stator, 25 - between a substantially radial orientation in a first direction, - to reach a substantially orthoradial orientation in an area located substantially in the middle of the two central portions, and - continues to vary gradually to reach a substantially radial orientation in a second direction opposite to said first direction.
    [0006] The starter is in addition to a broom. Thus, contrary to what is recommended, the starter has a Halbach oriented on the side of the outer stator towards the armature. Indeed, this makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the starter because of the very high level of the armature reaction field H. In addition, the gradual variation of the magnetic field allows the direction of the magnetic field in the magnet to vary constantly with respect to a radial plane passing through one of the central portions of the two poles. In addition, the direction of the magnetic field has in a zone a substantially orthoradial direction with respect to a radial plane (perpendicular to axis 10 comprising radii of the axis over 3600) passing through this zone and then gradually the direction of the magnetic field varies. on either side of this zone with respect to this plane towards the central portions of two poles to a radial direction and in that the direction of the magnetic field direction varies in the same direction.
    [0007] In addition between the two central parts of the two poles, all the variations of the magnetic field form a concave shape seen from inside the stator.
    [0008] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention. Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a starter according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a partial cross sectional view of the rotor and the stator of the electric machine belonging to the starter of Figure 1; FIG. 3 represents the device making it possible to produce a one-piece permanent magnet of the stator according to the present invention.
    [0009] Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same references from one figure to another.
    [0010] FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a starter 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. This DC starter 1 comprises, on the one hand, a rotor 2, also called an armature, rotatable about an axis X, and on the other hand, a stator 3, also called an inductor, positioned around the rotor 2 The rotor 2 is separated from the stator 3 by an air gap 6. In the illustrated example, the rotating electrical machine formed by the stator 3 and the rotor 2 is of the six-pole type. Alternatively, the machine may be of the four-pole type. This stator 3 described in more detail below includes a yoke 4 carrying a permanent magnet 5 forming a set of poles. The rotor 2 comprises a rotor body 7 and a winding 8 wound in notches of the rotor body 7. The body of the rotor 7 consists of a bundle of sheets having longitudinal notches. To form the winding 8, pin-shaped conductor wires 11 (best seen in FIG. 2) are threaded into slots 16 generally on two separate layers. The winding 8 forms, on either side of the rotor body 7, buns 9. The rotor 2 is provided, at the rear, with a collector 12 comprising a plurality of contact pieces electrically connected to the conductive elements, 20 constituted here by the pins 11 of the coil 8. A group of brushes 13 and 14 is provided for the electrical supply of the coil 8, one of the brushes 13 being connected to the ground of the starter 1 and another of the brushes 14 being connected to an electrical terminal 15 of a switch 17. The brushes are for example four in number.
    [0011] The brushes 13 and 14 rub against the collector 12 when the rotor 2 is rotating, which allows the supply of the rotor 2 by switching the electric current in sections of the rotor 2. The switch 17 comprises, in addition to the terminal 15 connected to the brush 14, a terminal 29 connected via an electrical connection element, to a power supply 30 of the vehicle, including a battery.
    [0012] The starter 1 further comprises a launcher assembly 19 slidably mounted on a drive shaft 18 and drivable in rotation about the X axis by the rotor 2. A gear reduction unit 20 is interposed between a rotor shaft 25 and the drive shaft 18. The launcher assembly 19 comprises a drive member formed by a pinion 21 for engaging a drive member of the engine, such as a driving crown. Alternatively, it would be possible to use a pulley system. The launcher assembly 19 further comprises a freewheel 22 and a pulley washer 23 defining between them a groove 24 for receiving the end 25 of a fork 27. The fork 27 is actuated by the switch 17 to move the assembly the launcher 19 relative to the drive shaft 18, along the X axis, between a first position in which the launcher assembly 19 drives the heat engine through the driving pinion 21, and a second position wherein the launcher assembly 19 is disengaged from the drive ring of the engine. Upon activation of the switch 17, an internal contact plate (not shown) makes it possible to establish a connection between the terminals 15 and 29 in order to energize the electric motor. This connection will be cut off when the switch 17 is deactivated. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the stator 3 comprises a magnet 5 which has a cylindrical shape. This magnet 5 forms all of the poles P1-P6 of the stator 3, which makes it possible to create a uniform inductive field in the gap 6. Alternatively, the magnet 5 has a cylinder portion shape so as to form two poles or more of all magnetic poles. Thus, in general, the magnet 5 can traverse an angular portion of a cylinder equal to (360 / K) * N degrees with K being the total number of poles of the stator 3 and N the number of poles formed by 30 magnet 5 at least equal to two and at most equal to K. In the example, K is 6 but could alternatively have another value, for example equal to 4 or greater than 6. The magnet 5 is monoblock, it is that is, there is a crystallographic continuity in the magnet material which forms the different poles P1-P6. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the magnet 5 is a molded magnet based on magnetic particles 31 embedded in a binder 32 5 made of a non-magnetic material. For this purpose, the binder 32 is heated to its melting temperature which is equal to or greater than the Curie temperature of the magnetic particles 31. It is recalled here that the Curie temperature is the temperature at which the magnetic particles 31 are demagnetized .
    [0013] The binder 32 is placed in a cylindrical mold 34 which surrounds a core composed of a set of permanent magnets 35 whose number corresponds to the number of poles of the stator 3. Each of the magnets 35 is magnetically oriented radially. Two consecutive magnets 35 have magnetic field orientations B1, B2 which are opposite to one another. The magnetic particles 31 (initially demagnetized) are introduced inside the mold 34 and are magnetized according to the configuration of the magnetic flux generated by the magnets 35 while the temperature inside the mold 35 decreases, which causes a hardening At the end of the process, the magnetized particles 31 are trapped in the binder 32 while having been magnetized in such a way that between two central parts of two consecutive poles P1-P6, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 5 varies progressively along a circumference of the stator 3.
    [0014] More precisely, as can be seen in FIG. 2, between the central parts of the two consecutive poles P1 and P2, the direction of the magnetic field evolves between a substantially radial orientation D1 in a first direction, for example the air gap 6 to the yoke 4, to reach a substantially orthoradial orientation D2 in an area located substantially in the middle of the two central portions of the two consecutive poles P1 and P2 and continues to vary gradually to reach a substantially radial orientation D3 in a second direction opposite to the first direction , for example from the yoke 4 to the gap 6 of the machine.
    [0015] The evolution of the direction of the magnetic field is of course reversed in the case where one starts with a radial orientation from the yoke 4 to the air gap 6. Between the two central parts of two consecutive poles P1-P6 the direction 5 of the magnetic field varies in a substantially curved direction. In other words, the cylindrical magnet 5 is magnetized according to a "Halbach" type configuration. In such a configuration, the magnetic field in the gap 6 varies sinusoidally along the circumference of the gap 6 of the electric machine. In an exemplary embodiment, the binder 32 is made of a plastic material, while the magnetic particles 31 may be made of Neodymium-Iron-Boron or Samarium-Iron-Nitrogen. The material used preferably has a remanence of the order of 0.6 Tesla. Alternatively, the magnetic particles 31 and the binder 32 may be made of any other suitable material for the application. The value of the remanence may also be adapted according to the desired magnetic power of the electric machine. It should be noted that the yoke 4 against the inner face 41 of which is plated 20 the magnet 5 essentially ensures a mechanical maintenance of the stator 3, inasmuch as the level of magnetic fields passing through the yoke 4 is very low. Fixing the magnet 5 on the inner face 41 of the yoke 4 is generally effected by means of one or more staples. Fixing the staples ensures in particular an axial and radial retention of the magnet 5 in the yoke 4 by opposing the mechanical forces (vibrations, shocks), and the magnetic attraction forces during operation of the engine. In the case where several magnets 5 are used, the staples further guarantee spacing between the magnets 5 to create a uniform inductive field in the gap 6.
    [0016] Of course, the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and does not limit the scope of the invention which would not be overcome by replacing the various elements by any other equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Starter (1) for a motor vehicle engine comprising: - a rotary electric machine provided with a stator (3), said stator (3) comprising - a set of magnetic poles (P1-P6), characterized in that a permanent magnet (5) forms at least two poles of all said magnetic poles (P1-P6).
    [0002]
    2. Starter according to claim 1, characterized in that said permanent magnet (5) forms all of said magnetic poles (P1-P6).
    [0003]
    3. Starter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said permanent magnet (5) has a cylindrical shape.
    [0004]
    4. Starter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said permanent magnet (5) is in one piece. 15
    [0005]
    5. Starter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said stator (3) further comprises a yoke (4).
    [0006]
    6. Starter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said permanent magnet (5) is a magnet molded based on magnetic particles (31) embedded in a binder (32) made of a non-magnetic material .
    [0007]
    7. Starter according to claim 6, characterized in that said binder (32) has a melting temperature equal to or greater than the Curie temperature of said magnetic particles (31).
    [0008]
    8. Starter according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said binder (32) is made of a plastic material.
    [0009]
    9. Starter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said magnetic particles (31) are made of neodymium-iron-boron. 3034918 11
    [0010]
    10. Starter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said magnetic particles (31) are made of Samarium-Iron-Nitrogen.
    [0011]
    Starter according to claim 6 and optionally any of the other claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said machine comprises a rotor (2) separated from said stator (3) by an air gap (6), and in that said magnetic particles (31) are magnetized so that a magnetic field in said gap (6) varies sinusoidally along a circumference of said gap (6).
    [0012]
    12. Starter according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, between two central portions of two consecutive poles (P1-P6), the direction of a magnetic field generated by said permanent magnet (5) is arranged to vary gradually along a circumference of said stator, - between a substantially radial orientation (D1) in a first direction, - to reach a substantially orthoradial orientation (D2) in an area substantially in the middle of the two central parts, and - continue to vary progressively to reach a substantially radial orientation (D3) in a second direction opposite to said first direction.
    [0013]
    13. Starter according to claim 12, characterized in that, between the two central portions of two consecutive poles, the direction of the magnetic field is arranged to vary in a curved direction. 25
    [0014]
    14. Starter according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said permanent magnet (5) is magnetized in a configuration of type "Halbach".
    [0015]
    15. Motor vehicle engine starter comprising: an electric machine provided with a stator (3), said stator (3) comprising a set of magnetic poles (P1-P6), characterized in that less between two central parts of two consecutive poles (P1-P6), the direction of the magnetic field of a permanent magnet (5) varies progressively along a circumference of said stator (3), 5 - between a substantially radial orientation (D1) following a first direction, - to reach a substantially orthoradial orientation (D2) in an area situated substantially in the middle of the two central portions, and - continues to vary gradually to reach a substantially radial orientation (D3) in a second direction opposite to said first direction .
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    WO2015071618A1|2015-05-21|Low power starter with optimised size for a motor vehicle
    EP2564494A1|2013-03-06|Electrical machine comprising a rotor provided with a winding for facilitating switching and related starter
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    FR2987951A1|2013-09-13|ELECTRIC MACHINE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN107636936A|2018-01-26|
    EP3281279A1|2018-02-14|
    WO2016162636A1|2016-10-13|
    FR3034918B1|2018-12-07|
    US20180097410A1|2018-04-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4004167A|1975-01-29|1977-01-18|Magna Motors Corporation|Permanent magnet stators|
    DE3913276A1|1989-04-22|1990-10-25|Siemens Ag|DC miniature motor with permanent magnet excitation - increases radial magnetic field direction in pole centre and energy density in magnet part|
    JP2002095230A|2000-09-13|2002-03-29|Asmo Co Ltd|Dc machine|
    US20050076973A1|2002-06-18|2005-04-14|Hitachi Metals, Ltd.|Polar-anisotropic ring magnet, and its production method and apparatus|
    US20060139137A1|2004-04-20|2006-06-29|Yoshinobu Honkura|Anisotropic bond magnet for four-magnetic-pole motor, motor using the same, device for orientation processing of anisotropic bond magnet for four-magnetic-pole motor|
    FR2910194A1|2006-12-15|2008-06-20|Valeo Equip Electr Moteur|Six pole type electrical rotating machine i.e. direct drive starter, for motor vehicle, has stator including permanent magnets and support integrated to magnets, where number of magnets is greater than number of poles of machine|
    JP2005312166A|2004-04-20|2005-11-04|Aichi Steel Works Ltd|Anisotropic bond magnet for four magnetic pole motor and motor employing it|
    EP2228808B1|2007-11-02|2017-01-04|Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha|Composite magnetic material for magnet and method for manufacturing such material|
    US9601976B2|2013-05-17|2017-03-21|GM Global Technology Operations LLC|Method for injection molding rotor magnets|US10581358B2|2018-03-30|2020-03-03|Kohler Co.|Alternator flux shaping|
    WO2020083511A1|2018-10-26|2020-04-30|Aichi Steel Corporation|Stator for a rotating electric machine, comprising at least one permanent magnet with a variable radial thickness|
    CN111933384A|2020-07-01|2020-11-13|四川大学|Magnetic field combination method for combining tile-shaped magnet into hollow cylinder, permanent magnet and application|
    CN112564436A|2020-11-26|2021-03-26|浙江英洛华磁业有限公司|Method of manufacturing a rotor assembly|
    法律状态:
    2016-04-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-10-14| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161014 |
    2017-04-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-04-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-01-10| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20191206 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1552947|2015-04-07|
    FR1552947A|FR3034918B1|2015-04-07|2015-04-07|STARTER STATOR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE HAVING A PERMANENT MAGNET FORMING A PLURALITY OF POLES|FR1552947A| FR3034918B1|2015-04-07|2015-04-07|STARTER STATOR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE HAVING A PERMANENT MAGNET FORMING A PLURALITY OF POLES|
    US15/565,110| US20180097410A1|2015-04-07|2016-04-07|Stator of a motor vehicle starter provided with a permanent magnet forming a plurality of poles|
    CN201680027008.4A| CN107636936A|2015-04-07|2016-04-07|It is provided with the stator of the motor vehicle starter for the permanent magnet to form multiple magnetic poles|
    PCT/FR2016/050791| WO2016162636A1|2015-04-07|2016-04-07|Starter stator for a motor vehicle, provided with a permanent magnet forming a plurality of poles|
    EP16717192.5A| EP3281279A1|2015-04-07|2016-04-07|Starter stator for a motor vehicle, provided with a permanent magnet forming a plurality of poles|
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